The Complainant is F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland, represented by Jérôme Rhein, Switzerland.
The Respondent is Bobik Marley, China.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <cheap-valium.org> (the “Disputed Domain
Name”) is registered with Direct Information Pvt Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on January 16, 2007. On January 17, 2007, the Center transmitted by email to Direct Information Pvt Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com a request for registrar verification in connection with the domain name at issue. On January 18, 2007, Direct Information Pvt Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details for the administrative, billing, and technical contact. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on January 23, 2007. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was February 12, 2007. Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified Respondent’s default on February 14, 2007.
The Center appointed Maxim H. Waldbaum as the sole
panelist in this matter on February 26, 2007. The Panel finds that it was properly
constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration
of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance
with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The following uncontested facts are summarized from the Complaint.
Complainant is together with its affiliated companies one of the world’s leading research-focused healthcare groups in the fields of pharmaceuticals and diagnostics and having global operations in more than 100 countries. Complainant’s mark VALIUM is protected as trademark in a multitude of countries worldwide. For example, Complainant holds International Registration No. R250784 for the trademark VALIUM. Priority date for the mark is October 20, 1961.
The mark VALIUM designates a sedative and anxiolytic drug belonging to the benzodiazepine family, which enabled Complainant to build a world-wide reputation in psychotropic medications. For the mark VALIUM Complainant holds registrations in over one hundred countries world-wide.
Respondent registered the Disputed Domain Name on
December 3, 2006.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
Confusingly Similar
The Disputed Domain Name is confusingly similar to Complainant’s VALIUM mark seeing that it incorporates the mark in its entirety.
The addition of the descriptive word “cheap” does not sufficiently distinguish the Disputed Domain Name from Complainant’s mark.
The mark VALIUM is well-known and notorious. The notoriety will increase the likelihood of confusion. Furthermore, Complainant’s use and registration of the mark VALIUM do predate Respondent’s registration of the Disputed Domain Name. Therefore the Disputed Domain Name is confusingly similar to the trademark of Complainant.
Rights or Legitimate Interests
Complainant has exclusive rights for VALIUM, and no license, permission, or authorization was granted to Respondent to use VALIUM in the Disputed Domain Name. Furthermore it is obvious that Respondent uses the domain name for commercial gain and with the purpose of capitalizing on the fame of Complainant’s mark VALIUM.
The website associated with the Disputed Domain Name redirects Internet users to another website, “http://searches-pharmacy.info/?q=cheap%20valium”, which is a search engine composed of sponsored links to third party websites. Some of these third party links refer to products manufactured by Complainant’s competitors.
Such a website does not represent a bona fide offering of goods or services. Respondent’s only reason in registering and using the Disputed Domain Name is to benefit from the reputation of the trademark VALIUM and illegitimately trade on its fame for commercial gain and profit. There is no reason why Respondent should have any right or interest in the Disputed Domain Name.
Bad Faith
The Disputed Domain Name was registered in bad faith because at the time of the registration, December 3, 2006, Respondent had, no doubt, knowledge of Complainant’s well-known product/mark, VALIUM.
The Disputed Domain Name is also being used in bad faith. This is obvious because Respondent uses the Disputed Domain Name as a forwarding address to redirect Internet users to another website where commercial links to third party websites are displayed. Respondent is attempting, for commercial purposes, to attract Internet users to Respondent’s website, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s well-known mark as to the source, affiliation and endorsement of Respondent’s website or of the products or services posted on or linked to Respondent’s website.
Respondent is intentionally misleading consumers as to the association or affiliation of the website by using the VALIUM mark. By capitalizing on this confusion, Respondent may generate click-through revenues by Internet users looking for Complainant’s products. Respondent therefore is using Complainant’s mark in bad faith.
B. Respondent
Respondent did not reply to Complainant’s contentions.
6. Discussion and Findings
According to paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, Complainant must prove that:
(i) The domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which Complainant has rights; and
(ii) Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
(iii) The domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
The Panel finds that Complainant has rights, through
registration and use, in the mark VALIUM. The Panel further finds that the Disputed
Domain Name, which differs from the mark only by virtue of the inclusion of
a hyphen and the prefix “cheap”, is confusingly similar to Complainant’s
mark. Numerous panels in prior cases under the Policy have held that the mere
addition of a descriptive word to the complainant’s trademark does not
overcome confusing similarity. See, e.g., Sanofi-aventis v. Edith Van Der
Linden, WIPO Case No. D2006-0372 (involving
<buyambien.info>); Roche Products Inc. v. Eugene Geist, WIPO
Case No. D2006-0697 (involving <valium-site.com>).
Accordingly, the Panel finds that paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy is satisfied.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
Pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of the Policy, Respondent may establish its rights or legitimate interests in the Disputed Domain Name, among other circumstances, by showing any of the following elements:
(i) before any notice to you [Respondent] of the dispute, your use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the Domain Name or a name corresponding to the Domain Name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) you [Respondent] (as an individual, business, or other organization) have been commonly known by the Domain Name, even if you have acquired no trademark or service mark rights; or
(iii) you [Respondent] are making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the Domain Name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
Complainant bears the burden of proof on the “rights
or legitimate interests” issue (as it does for all three elements of the
Policy). Louis de Bernieres v. Old Barn Studios Limited, WIPO
Case No. D2001-0122 (March 26, 2001).
Respondent, who filed no response in this proceeding, has not invoked any of the circumstances of Policy, paragraph 4(c) to suggest any “rights or legitimate interests” in respect of the Disputed Domain Name.
Respondent was not licensed or authorized by Complainant
to use the latter’s mark in any manner. Respondent’s commercial
activities undertaken through use of the Disputed Domain Name are neither fair
use nor bona fide under the Policy. There are numerous prior decisions
under the Policy holding that the unauthorized appropriation of another’s
trademark in one’s domain name and the commercial use of the corresponding
web site do not confer rights or legitimate interests upon the owner of such
a domain name. See, e.g. America Online, Inc. v. Xianfeng Fu, WIPO
Case No. D2000-1374 (“it would be unconscionable to find that a bona
fide offering of services in a respondent’s operation of web-site using
a domain name which is confusingly similar to the complainant’s mark and
for the same business”). Seealso Sigikid H. Scharrer &
Koch GmbH & Co. KG, MyBear Marketing-und Vertriebs GmbH, Mr. Thomas Dufner
v. Bestinfo, WIPO Case No. D2004-0990
(“the sole diversion of Internet traffic by Respondent to other, unrelated
websites, does not represent a use of the Domain Name in connection with a bona
fide offering of goods and services. Rather, the conduct of Respondent serves
the purpose of generating revenues, e.g. from advertised pay-per-click products.”).
Accordingly, the Panel finds that paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy is satisfied.
C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy provides that the following circumstances, “in particular but without limitation,” are evidence of the registration and use of the Disputed Domain Name in “bad faith”:
(i) circumstances indicating that Respondent has registered or has acquired the Domain Name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to Complainant who is the owner of the trademark or service mark or to a competitor of that Complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of its documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the Domain Name; or
(ii) that Respondent has registered the Domain Name in order to prevent the owner of the trademark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that Respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or
(iii) that Respondent has registered the Domain Name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or
(iv) that by using the Domain Name, Respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to Respondent’s website or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of Respondent’s website or location or of a product or service on Respondent’s website or location.
The Panel finds that Respondent in all probability had Complainant’s mark in mind when registering the Disputed Domain Name. VALIUM is a fanciful mark, and its constituent combination of letters has no known meaning other than as a reference to Complainant’s famous Valium product.
Respondent has used the Disputed Domain Name in bad
faith, within the meaning of paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy, by redirecting
Internet users to a website where products in competition with Complainant’s
products are offered for sale and may generate click-through revenues by Internet
user’s looking fro Complainant’s products. See L’Oréal,
Biotherm, Lancôme Parfums et Beauté & Cie v. Unasi, Inc., WIPO
Case No. D2005-0623 (“such exploitation of the reputation of trademarks
to obtain click-through commissions from the diversion of Internet users is
a common example of use in bad faith as referred to in paragraph 4(b)(iv) of
the Policy and identified in many previous decisions”).
Based on the undisputed evidence, there is no reasonable conclusion other than that Respondent registered the Disputed Domain Name with the intention of seeking to attract, for commercial gain, Internet visitors to his website by creating confusion between the Disputed Domain Name and Complainant’s mark.
Accordingly, the Panel finds that paragraph 4(a)(iii)
of the Policy is satisfied.
7. Decision
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name <cheap-valium.org> be transferred to Complainant.
Maxim H. Waldbaum
Sole Panelist
Date: March 12, 2007
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