The Complainant is Aéropostale West, Inc of Wayne, New Jersey, United States of America, represented by Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, of the United States of America.
The Respondent is Levon Strenstein, of Haifa, Israel.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <aeropostles.info> is registered with Direct Information Pvt., Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on August 27, 2007. On August 29, 2007, the Center transmitted by email to Direct Information Pvt., Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com a request for registrar verification in connection with the domain name at issue. On August 30, 2007, Direct Information Pvt., Ltd d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on September 7, 2007. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was September 27, 2007. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on September 28, 2007.
The Center appointed John Swinson as the sole panelist in this matter on October 8, 2007. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The Complainant is a company registered in the United States of America. The Complainant manufactures and retails clothing and accessories. The Complainant uses the Aéropostale name in connection with the provision of such goods and services.
The Complainant is the owner of a number of AÉROPOSTALE trademark and service mark registrations worldwide including an AÉROPOSTALE trademark which has been registered in the United States since May 3, 1988 (Reg No. 1,487,211). The Complainant has registered a number of domain names incorporating the AÉROPOSTALE mark, including the domain name <aeropostale.com>. The Complainant’s goods can be purchased by Internet users via this website.
The Respondent registered the disputed domain name on April 23, 2007. The website contains links to websites offering clothing and accessories for sale. It also contains a link to the Complainant’s official “www.aeropostale.com” website.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant makes the following statements and arguments:
The Complainant is a leading manufacturer of clothing and accessories. The Complainant has used its AÉROPOSTALE mark continuously since its first adoption. It operates over 700 Aéropostale retail stores, all of which are organized, displayed and marketed in a manner uniquely associated with the Complainant. The Complainant has expanded over time to establish a significant online presence for its services, selling clothing and accessories through its Internet site at “www.aeropostale.com”. The AÉROPOSTALE mark has been extensively used and promoted by the Complainant for a long period and has acquired distinctiveness and a secondary meaning signifying the Complainant.
The Complainant owns over 45 trademark and service mark registrations worldwide for its AEROPOSTALE mark.
The Respondent’s <aeropostles.info> domain name is virtually identical and confusingly similar to the Complainant’s AÉROPOSTALE mark. Confusion is likely because the website contains express references to the Complainant and includes the Complainant’s trademark.
The disputed domain name incorporates the Complainant’s mark, excluding the second “a” in the Complainant’s mark and adding an “s” to the end. The exclusion of the “a” is likely to be a common typographical error. The disputed domain name registered by the Respondent was a purposeful misspelling of the Complainant’s mark, intended to take advantage of these common typographical errors that consumers are likely to make when attempting to enter the Complainant’s website.
The “.info” level domain name indicates to users that the website provides compelling and rich information. The Respondent is taking advantage of the Complainant’s goodwill in the AEROPOSTALE mark by displaying information about the Complainant in the “.info” domain.
The Respondent registered the disputed domain name in bad faith. The Respondent had full knowledge of the AÉROPOSTALE mark, as evidenced by the direct links to the Complainant’s business contained on the “www.aeropostles.info” website.
Bad faith is particularly evidenced by the fact that the disputed domain name is used to provide links to Internet sites selling products identical to those sold by the Complainant, as well as to the Complainant’s official site. The Respondent intentionally attempted to attract for commercial gain Internet users to the Respondent’s website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark. By preventing customers from finding the Complainant’s website, the Respondent is disrupting the Complainant’s business.
The Complainant sent a cease and desist letter to the Respondent on May 17, 2007, requesting transfer of the disputed domain name. The emails to the Respondent were returned undelivered and otherwise the Respondent did not reply.
The Respondent appears to have provided false or invalid contact information (by way of an inactive email address). This is further evidence of the Respondent’s bad faith in registering the domain name.
B. Respondent
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions.
6. Discussion and Findings
To succeed, the Complainant must demonstrate that all of the elements enumerated in paragraph 4(a) of the Policy have been satisfied:
(i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
The onus of proving these elements is on the Complainant.
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
The Complainant has registered a significant number of trademarks consisting of the word Aéropostale and associated logos in the United States of America, Thailand, South Africa, Malaysia and Egypt. The Complainant’s presence is primarily in the United States of America, where it operates stores in almost every State. The Panel finds based on the evidence presented, that the Complainant has accrued significant goodwill in the AÉROPOSTALE name and mark in the United States of America through extensive use of the mark over the past 20 years. The Panel finds that the Complainant has trademark rights in the AÉROPOSTALE mark.
The next issue is whether the disputed domain name is identical, or confusingly similar, to the trademark in which the Complainant has rights.
The only difference between the Complainant’s mark and the disputed domain name is that the second “a” has been omitted from the mark, and an “s” has been added to the end. It has previously been held that slight changes in name may be purposeful misspellings, ‘designed to take advantage of mistakes that consumers are likely to make when intending to enter Complainant’s website address’ (see InfoSpace.com, Inc v. Registrar Administrator Lew Blanck (WIPO Case No. D2000-0069); Nicole Kidman v. John Zuccarini (
WIPO Case No. D2000-1415)). The Panel finds that the omission in this case is designed for such a purpose, particularly because the Complainant’s mark is made up of a large number of letters, where the absence of one letter and the addition of an “s” on the end does not make a significant difference between the two words.
The disputed domain name is therefore confusingly similar to the Complainant’s AÉROPOSTALE mark. (See Credit Industriel et Commercial S.A., and Confederation Nationale Credit Mutuel v. Owen Webster (
WIPO Case No. D2006-0165)). The Panel finds that the requirements of the Policy paragraph 4(a)(i) are satisfied.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy enumerates several ways in which a respondent may demonstrate rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name:
“Any of the following circumstances, in particular but without limitation, if found by the Panel to be proved based on its evaluation of all evidence presented, shall demonstrate your rights or legitimate interests to the domain name for purposes of paragraph 4(a)(ii):
(i) before any notice to you of the dispute, your use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) you (as an individual, business, or other organization) have been commonly known by the domain name, even if you have acquired no trademark or service mark rights; or
(iii) you are making a legitimate non-commercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.” (Policy, paragraph 4(c)).
The Respondent, in not submitting a response, has not provided evidence of the circumstances listed in paragraph 4(c) of the Policy, or any other circumstances giving rise to a right to or legitimate interest in the domain name.
The Complainant has not granted the Respondent any license or other authorization to use its trademarks in relation to the disputed domain name.
The Respondent does not appear to make any legitimate use of the domain name for non-commercial activities. On the contrary, the Respondent is, for his own commercial gain, using the disputed domain name to intercept Internet traffic which is clearly intended for the Complainant’s website.
The Respondent is deliberately using confusion with the Complainant’s mark to direct users to the disputed domain name which contains advertising and linked promotional sites relating to the same type of goods and services offered by the Complainant. The Respondent has expressly referred to the Complainant on the website (using the correct spelling of the Complainant’s mark). The website contains the following “Aeropostle clothing for USA and Canada people, for teen males and females”.
It is very unlikely that the Respondent would legitimately choose the disputed domain name unless it was seeking to create an impression of an association with the Complainant.
The Panel finds that the Complainant has made a prima facie case that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests, in the disputed domain name and the Respondent has failed to demonstrate such rights or legitimate interests. Accordingly, the Panel finds that Paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy is satisfied.
C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy enumerates four, non-exhaustive, circumstances that, if found by the Panel to be present, shall be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith. Subparagraph (iv) includes circumstances where the Respondent, by using the disputed domain name, has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent’s website.
The Respondent registered the disputed domain name in 2007. The Complainant’s AÉROPOSTALE trademark has been in existence for almost twenty years. Aéropostale is a major clothing brand sold primarily in the United States of America, but also known in other countries.
The Panel infers that the Respondent had actual knowledge of the Complainant’s rights in AÉROPOSTALE at the time he registered the disputed domain name, and by intentionally removing one letter from this mark and adding an “s” at the end, he registered the disputed domain name in bad faith. Actual knowledge of the Complainant’s trademarks and activities at the time of the registration of the disputed domain names may be considered an inference of bad faith. (See Parfums Christian Dior v. Javier Garcia Quintas and Christiandior.net,
WIPO Case No. D2000-0226 and Sony Kabushiki Kaisha (also trading as Sony Corporation) v. Inja, Kil, WIPO Case No. D2000-1409).
The Respondent clearly has actual knowledge of the existence of the AÉROPOSTALE mark, as evidenced by the direct references to the mark contained on the “www.aeropostles.info” website.
The omission of one letter from the Complainant’s mark is designed to take advantage of customers’ typographical errors when attempting to enter the Complainant’s website, and the addition of an “s” at the end is an action website users are likely to do. As such, the Respondent has intentionally attempted to attract users to its website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark.
By deflecting users from the Complainant’s website, the Respondent has shown bad faith use of the domain names that clearly falls within the example given in article 4(a)(iv) of the Policy.
The Panel therefore finds that paragraph 4(b)(iv) is satisfied in this case and that the registration and use of the disputed domain name has been in bad faith. Accordingly, the Panel finds that paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy is satisfied.
7. Decision
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name <aeropostles.info> be transferred to the Complainant.
John Swinson Sole Panelist
Dated: October 22, 2007
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