The Complainant is Ross-Simons of Warwick, Inc, Cranston, Rhode Island, United States of America, represented by Hinckley, Allen & Snyder, LLP, United States of America.
The Respondent is Bea Boredlon, Del Rio, Texas, United States of America.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> is registered with eNom.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on September 1, 2004. On September 1, 2004, the Center transmitted by email to eNom a request for registrar verification in connection with the domain name at issue. On September 3, 2004, eNom transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details for the administrative, billing, and technical contact. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, Paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on September 3, 2004. In accordance with the Rules, Paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was September 23, 2004. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on September 24, 2004.
The Center appointed Peter J. McGovern as the Sole Panelist in this matter on October 1, 2004. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, Paragraph 7.
To date, no response has been received by Respondent.
4. Factual Background
A. The Trademark
The Complaint is based on the Complainant’s alleged ownership of the right and the mark, ROSS-SIMONS, which the Complainant maintains is identical or is confusingly similar to the domain name.
For over fifty years, the Complainant has sold fine jewelry, tableware, gifts, collectibles, home décor and related items. The Complainant sells its wares through its well-known retail and outlet stores and through its mail order and on-line catalogs. Since 1952, Complainant has substantially, continually and exclusively used the mark ROSS-SIMONS in connection with its business. The Complainant provided the Panel with its registration certificate for the mark. Complainant Exhibit D.
B. Jurisdictional Basis
The dispute is within the scope of the Policy, and the single member Panel has jurisdiction to decide the dispute. The Registrar’s registration agreement incorporates the Policy by reference.
On page five of the Complaint, the Complainant avers that each of the three
requirements of Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy has been satisfied.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant is Ross-Simons of Warwick, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the state of Rhode Island, having a place of business in Cranston, Rhode Island, USA. For over fifty years, Complainant, Ross-Simons of Warwick Inc., has sold fine jewelry, tableware, gifts, collectables, home décor and related items.
Ross-Simons sells its jewelry, tableware, gifts, collectable, home décor and related items through its well-known retail and outlet stores Ross-Simons and through its mail order and on-line catalogs of the same name. Ross-Simons mails more than 60 million Ross-Simons catalogs to consumers each year. In addition, Ross-Simons maintains an online catalog which is located at <ross-simons.com> and operates 24-hours a day and reaches millions of consumers. As a result of its continued and exclusive use of the mark ROSS-SIMONS, at least as early as 1954, Ross-Simons has built up substantial value and good will in its ROSS-SIMONS registered mark.
Ross-Simons has an active presence on the Internet. Ross-Simons registered its <ross-simons.com> domain name on May 16, 1996, and has operated a website and an on-line catalog at this Internet address since, at least, December 1996.
Complainant uses its Ross-Simons website to advertise, promote and sell its jewelry, tableware, gifts, collectables, home décor and related items. Complainant’s website communicates special events and promotions to its customers and provides customer service information. The Internet has become an extremely important communication and marketing tool and revenue source for the Complainant.
Complainant alleges that on or about January 8, 2003, without the consent of the Complainant, Respondent registered the Internet domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> with eNom Inc.
Sometime during or after January 2003, Respondent began using the <rosssimonsjewelry.com> domain name to point Internet users to a website. The Complainant alleges that the website contains links to other websites that advertise and sell jewelry.
The Complainant alleges that the domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> is confusingly similar to the ROSS-SIMONS mark and current registrant, the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the domain name and that Respondent is not using the infringing domain names in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services.
The Complainant alleges the Respondent has registered and used the domain name in bad faith.
B. Respondent
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions.
As noted above, Respondent is in default pursuant to Paragraph 5(e) and Paragraph 14 of the Rules, and Paragraph 7(c) of the Supplemental Rules because no response was received from Respondent by the applicable deadline.
Unlike in a U.S. court proceeding, however, a default does not automatically result in a finding for a Complainant. Rather, under Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, it remains Complainant’s burden to establish that all three of the required criteria for a transfer of the domain name or other remedy have been met.
Under Paragraphs 5(e) and 14(a) of the Rules, the effect of a default by Respondent
is that the Panel shall proceed to a decision on the Complaint. Under Paragraph 14(b),
the Panel is empowered to draw such inferences from Respondent’s default
as it considers appropriate.
6. Discussion and Findings
A. Regulations Applicable to Consideration of the Merits
The Panel now proceeds to consider this matter on the merits in light of the Complaint, the lack of Response, the Policy, the Rules, the Supplemental Rules, and other applicable legal authority, pursuant to Paragraph 15(a) of the Rules. In the Panel’s view, given that both parties to this dispute appear to be based in the United States, applicable authority shall include relevant principles of United States trademark law.
Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy provides that Complainant must prove, with respect to the domain name, each of the following:
(i) The domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which Complainant has rights; and
(ii) Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain names; and
(iii) The domain name has been registered and is used in bad faith.
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out four non-exclusive, but illustrative, circumstances or acts that for purposes of Paragraph 4(a)(iii) above would be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith.
Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy sets out three illustrative circumstances, any one of which, if proved by Respondent, would demonstrate Respondent’s rights or legitimate interests in the domain names for purposes of Paragraph 4(a)(ii).
B. Effect of the Default
In this case, the Panel finds that as a result of the default, Respondent has failed to rebut any of the factual assertions that are made and supported by evidence submitted by Complainant. The Panel does not, however, draw any inferences from the default other than those that have been established or can fairly be inferred from the facts presented by Complainant and that, as a result of the default, have not been rebutted by any contrary assertions or evidence.
In particular, by defaulting and failing to respond, Respondent has failed to offer the Panel any of the types of evidence set forth in Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy from which the Panel might conclude that Respondent has any rights or legitimate interests in the domain name, such as use or preparation to use the domain names prior to notice of the dispute, being commonly known by the domain name, or making legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name.
Moreover, as discussed below, Respondent has failed to provide any exculpatory information or reasoning that might have led the Panel to question Complainant’s argument that Respondent has acted in bad faith.
C. Complainant’s Proof
(i) Domain Name Identical or Confusingly Similar to Trademark
Complainant has proved that it is the owner of the rights in trademark ROSS-SIMONS. Complainant’s registration of its mark establishes the presumption of the validity of the mark under the United States law. (Complaint Exhibit D); 15 U.S.C. § 1057(b). Additionally, the registrations constitute constructive notice to all other parties of Complainant’s ownership of the mark. 15 U.S.C. § 1072.
The <rosssimonsjewelry.com> domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s ROSS-SIMONS registered mark. The only difference between Complainant’s registered mark ROSS-SIMONS, Complainant’s domain name <ross-simons.com>, and Respondent’s domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> is the elimination of the hyphen between the words “ross” and “simons” and the addition of the descriptive term “jewelry”.
A domain name is confusingly similar to a trademark when the domain name incorporates
the mark in its entirety. Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing v. JonLR,
WIPO Case No. D2001-0428 (May 30, 2001).
Panels have held common nouns are rarely distinguishing elements and where,
as here, the common noun selected coincides with the type of product Complainant
sells, confusion is inevitable. Harrods Limited v. Peter Pierre, WIPO
Case No. D2001-0456 (June 6, 2001).
(ii) Whether Respondent has rights of legitimate interests in the domain name
There is no evidence in the record that Respondent has any legitimate interests in the domain name. The Complainant states in the Complaint that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the domain name. This contention is un-rebutted and the Panel finds it credible.
The Panel concludes that none of the three illustrative circumstances set forth in Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy demonstrates any rights in the legitimate interests in the domain name on the part of the Respondent.
The Respondent has not used the <rosssimonsjewelry.com> domain name or trademark corresponding to the domain name in connection with the bona fide offering of goods or services.
Respondent has not made a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the <rosssimonsjewelry.com> domain name.
The Respondent is using the domain name to divert Internet traffic to its portal website where it provides links to competing websites. The use of the domain name that is confusingly similar to a registered mark to divert Internet users to a competitor’s website is not a use in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services or legitimate non-commercial or fair use. America Online, Inc., v. Tencent Comm. Corp., NAF Case No. 93668 (March 21, 2000).
The Complainant never authorized, licensed or otherwise permitted Respondent to use its registered mark, ROSS-SIMONS, or any confusingly similar variation thereof.
Lastly, the Panel finds that the Respondent is not making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert customers. See Policy Paragraph 4(c)(iii). Panel accepts Complainant’s assertion of Respondent’s website being a commercial website. Respondent’s use of domain name does not qualify as a “noncommercial” use under Paragraph 4(c)(iii) of the Policy.
(iii) Registration and Use in Bad Faith
Complainant is required to establish that Respondent has registered and used the domain name in bad faith.
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out illustrative circumstances of registration and use of a domain name in bad faith.
The Panel finds that the Respondent registered and used the domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> in bad faith primarily for the purpose of intentionally attracting, for commercial gain, Internet users to Respondent’s portal website, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement of Respondent’s website or of a product or service on the Respondent’s website.
The Panel finds that Respondent’s unauthorized and unapproved redirection
of consumers searching for Complainant to the Respondent’s website where
it provides links to competing websites which sell similar merchandise is solely
for the purpose of achieving commercial gain and constitutes bad faith registration
and use. NetWizards, Inc. v. Spectrum Enterprises, WIPO
Case No. D2000-1768 (April 4, 2001).
The Panel concludes that the Respondent has registered and used the domain name in bad faith pursuant to Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy.
In light of the findings and analysis by the Panel, the Panel decides that
the Complainant has met its burden of proving its rights in ROSS-SIMONS mark,
and that the domain name is confusingly similar to Complainant’s trademark,
and that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect to
the domain name. The domain name has been registered and is being used by Respondent
in bad faith.
7. Decision
Accordingly, pursuant to Paragraph 4(i) of the Policy and Rule 15, the Panel orders that the domain name <rosssimonsjewelry.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
Peter J. McGovern
Sole Panelist
Dated: October 5, 2004
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